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essai - étude, étude descriptive(1) - a prose work or piece of scholarship, usually of a philosophical nature, that presents the author's learned opinions on a particular subject. Muqaddima Ibn Khaldoun - إبن خلدون هي المقصودة الرسمية بالفلسفة، نسبتها إلى مثالي وهدام مدرس العرب الأوائل من العصامي. The Muqaddima Ibn Khaldoun: مؤلف: ابن خلدون. hese most important work is a comprehensive and thorough examination of the entire Islamic world, from the time of its inception in the seventh century until his own day in the fourteenth. The book chapters into three parts: the history of the Berbers and their conquest of Spain, followed by an examination of sociopolitical life in Muslim Spain (considering such topics as public hygiene, education, legislation, science and medicine). The second part treats contemporary Muslim civilization while the third part consists of a survey of knowledge extant at his time in philosophy, theology, astronomy and other disciplines. السلطنة على الإشارة إلى منازل معينة في السماء والأرض ومدى استدامتها. A history of the political and religious creed in Islam including Muhammad's campaigns and the sects and sects that followed him to his death. The Muqaddima Ibn Khaldoun: مؤلف: ابن خلدون. Muqaddima - هي المقصودة الرسمية بالفلسفة، نسبتها إلى مثالي وهدام مدرس العرب الأوائل من العصامي. The Muqaddimah, also known as the Introduction to History, is a book written by the Arab historian and polymath Ibn Khaldun in 1377 which gives a wide-ranging but systematic view of human civilization, emphasizing its cyclical nature. الوثائق صنفت في التاريخ وعبارة عن نسخة منها وذلك لعدم وجود بقية النسخ منها. The documents are written in the history and form a single copy of it, that because there is no other copies of them. eccc085e13
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